Fig. 5

In vitro regulation of macrophage repolarization by nanoparticles in Raw264.7 cells. (A, B) Flow cytometry measurement of MHC-II⁺CD86⁺ or CD206⁺ expression after treatment with nanoparticles in M1 macrophages (300 ng/mL LPS induction) or nanoparticles in M2 macrophages (60 ng/mL IL-4 induction). (C, D) Laser confocal image of nanoparticles on M1/M2 macrophage. Blue fluorescence: cell nuclei by DAPI; Green fluorescence: CD86; Red fluorescence: CD206. Scale bar = 10 μm. (E-G) The relative mRNA expression of the macrophage-associated markers TNF-α, MR, and IL-6 by qPCR assay. Mean ± SD, n = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005, ****P < 0.001. Abbreviations: qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LPS, lipopolysaccharide