Fig. 6

In vitro nanoparticle regulation of metabolism in 4T1 cells under hypoxic conditions: (A) Mito pressure test. (a) OCR curves in 4T1 cells treated with oligomycin, FCCP, and both rotenone and antimycin A. (b) OCR values of basal respiration, maximum respiration, spare respiratory capacity, and ATP production treated with LU/SL-DPNs and LU/SL-SDPNs for 1 h. (B) Glycolytic rate test. (a) PER curves in 4T1 cells treated with 2-DG and both rotenone and antimycin A. (b) PER values of basal proton efflux rate, glycolytic proton efflux rate, and compensatory glycolysis treated with LU/SL-DPNs and LU/SL-SDPNs for 1 h. (C) Real-time ATP test for glyco ATP, mito ATP, and total ATP treated with LU/SL-DPNs and LU/SL-SDPNs for 1 h. (mean ± SD, n = 3) Compared with the control group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, &P < 0.005, #P < 0.001. Abbreviations: OCR, oxygen consumption rate; SDPN, sophorolipid-associated membrane-biomimetic choline phosphate-poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid hybrid nanoparticle; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; LU/SL, luteolin and silibinin