Table 2 EV modifications for loading CRISPR/Cas components
Modification strategy of EVs | Loading mechanism | Disassembly mechanism | Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bioengineering | GFP-CD63 fused with Cas9-antiGFP nanobody | / | In vitro | |
CD63-com fused with ABP Com-sgRNA | / | In vivo | [40] | |
ARRDC1 fused with WW-Cas9 | / | In vivo | [47] | |
CD9-HuR and ABE-AU-mRNA interaction | / | In vitro, in vivo | [29] | |
VSV-G-assisted | Spontaneous release | In vivo, in vitro | ||
split GFP complementation | / | In vitro, in vivo | [48] | |
chemical-induced incorporation | / | In vitro, in vivo | [36] | |
CD9-CIBN and Cas9-CRY2 interaction, light | Removal of the light | In vivo | [46] | |
Physical method (Freeze–thaw, sonication) | TDNs-EVs | / | In vitro, in vivo | [22] |
Physical method (Freeze–thaw, co-incubation) | Multivalent electrostatic interaction | / | In vivo |