Fig. 4

In vitro evaluation of synergistic PTT/chemotherapy in 4T1 cells. (A) Fluorescence images of calcein-AM/PI double-staining 4T1 cells for 24 h. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of cell apoptosis in 4T1 cells treated with different formulations for 24 h. (C) Comparisons of apoptosis and necrosis cell percentages. (D) Cell viability of 4T1 cells treated with TOA, DOX, TOAD, TOADI, and TOADI + L for 24 h, respectively (“+L” means with 808 nm laser irradiation). The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ***p < 0.001