Fig. 4

Nanoemulsion delivery system of AML treatment Note: Morphological (A) and size distribution (B) of berberine nanoemulsion (BBR NE). Storage stability assessed by storing in ambient conditions for 30 days: changes of appearance vs. time at 25 °C (C) and 37 °C (D). (Figure source from the reference [46], color figure can be viewed at elsiver.com). In vitro profiles of BBR NE in the (E) In vitro release profle of the berberine suspension (BBR) and the system (BBR SNE) in PBS (pH = 7.4) (n = 3), (F) Plasma concentration profles of berberine after oral administration of BBR and BBR SNE in healthy rabbits (n = 6) (G) Effect of berberine solution (BBR) and the system (BBR SNE) on Caco-2 cell viability as evaluated by MTT assays after treatment for 24 h. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (n = 3) (H). The survival rate of MV4-11 xenograft mice orally administered berberine suspension (BBR), PBS, Blank SNE and the system (BBR SNE) excepted for cytarabine (Ara-C) with the vein intravenous injection at 50 (mg/kg)/day for 14 consecutive days; the same volume of PBS and blank SNE were used as controls. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. (n = 10); *P < 0.05, and ***P < 0.001. (Figure source from the reference [44], color figure can be viewed at nature.com)