Fig. 10

Therapeutic potential of ApoBDs in tissue regeneration, inflammation modulation, and cancer treatment. A Transmission electron microscopy image showing the morphology of ApoBDs. Source: Reprinted with permission from Ref. (99). B Scanning electron microscopy image of the presence of ApoBDs from H2O2-treated cells. Source: Reprinted with permission from Ref. (8). Copyright 2019, with permission from Creative Commons CC BY. C ApoBDs promoted cutaneous wound healing. Ci Photographs of cutaneous wounds during the wound healing procedure. Cii Quantification of the wound healing rate. Source: Reprinted with permission from Ref. (66). Copyright 2020, with permission from Creative Commons CC BY. D Images (Di) and quantification (Dii) of the cytokeratin 14 expression in the skin tissue. Source: Reprinted with permission from Ref. (66). Copyright 2020, with permission from Creative Commons CC BY. E, F Mature osteoclast-derived ApoBDs have the highest osteogenic potency in ApoBDs, microvesicles, and exosomes from mature osteoclast, bone marrow macrophage, and preosteoclast. ALP activity (Ei and Fi), ALP stain (Eii), Alizarin red (Fii), and quantification of Alizarin Red activity (Eiii and Fiii). Source: Reprinted with permission from Ref. (79 Copyright 2019, with permission from Creative Commons CC BY