Fig. 4
From: Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery
a Schematic diagram showing the collection and isolation of exosomes rich in lncRNA MEG3 (Exo-MEG3). Reprinted with permission from Ref [143]. b Schematic diagram illustrating the development of engineered miR-31 exosomes. Reprinted with permission from Ref [144]. c Bioorthogonal click conjugation for exosome functionalization. Reprinted with permission from Ref [147]. d Schematic diagram depicting the fluorescence labeling of the exosome surface using copper-free click chemistry and AlexaFlour®488 (AF488)-azide. Reprinted with permission from Ref [150]. e Schematic illustration of the procedure used to produce the EL-CLD hybrid, including the hybridization of exosomes with L-CLD using membrane extrusion. Reprinted with permission from Ref [156]. f Schematic diagram of P-EV preparation. Reprinted with permission from Ref [162]. g Schematic illustration of the PDA coating of exosomes and subsequent surface functionalization with PEG and fluorophores. Reprinted with permission from Ref [169]. h Schematic diagram of mEV isolation and surface functionalization via TCEP reduction. Reprinted with permission from Ref [171]