Table 6 The application of nanomaterials in combination with natural anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of ocular diseases
From: Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy
Natural products | Nanomaterials | Size (nm) | Production method | Cells (in vitro) | Animals (in vivo) | Administration route | Characteristics and effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Resveratrol | AuNPs | 20 | Ecofriendly synthetic method | – | STZ-induced diabetic rats | Oral | Resveratrol-loaded AuNPs exhibited decreased BRB permeability, increased retinal expression of PEDF, decreased VEGF-1 expression, and reduced retinal mRNA expressions of VEGF-1, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and IL-6, and IL-1β | [287] |
Myr | PVCL-PVA-PEG polymeric nanomicelles | 60.72 ± 1.09 | Thin-film hydration method | HCECs | Rabbit and mouse | Eye drops | Myr-loaded PVCL-PVA-PEG polymeric nanomicelles exhibited enhanced aqueous solubility and chemical stability, superior storage stability, favorable cellular tolerance, improved cellular uptake and corneal permeability, and improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect | [288] |
CUR | PVCL-PVA-PEG nanomicelles | 50.1 ± 1.0 | Solvent evaporation and film hydration method | HCECs | Rabbit and mouse | Eye drops | CUR-loaded PVCL-PVA-PEG nanomicelles exhibited physical stability, favorable cellular tolerance, high corneal permeability, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect | [289] |
CUR | PLGA-GA2 polyester NPs | 250 | Single emulsification method | HCECs | Homologous lens protein-induced uveitis in beagles | oral | CUR-loaded PLGA-GA2 polyester NPs exhibited no observed cytotoxicity, attainment of effective drug concentration in aqueous humor, and inhibition of intraocular inflammation | [186] |
OA and UA | Poloxamer 188 polymeric NPs |  < 225 | Solvent displacement method | Isolated corneas of rabbits and HET-CAM test | SA-induced ocular inflammation in rabbits | Eye drops | OA and UA-loaded NPs exhibited excellent corneal permeability, remarkable safety, and potent anti-inflammatory effects | [290] |