Fig. 11
From: Cracking the intestinal lymphatic system window utilizing oral delivery vehicles for precise therapy
An overview of the use of bacteria from the digestive tract as an oral immunotherapy treatment for a variety of disorders. Oral delivery, often known as gavage, is a common way for delivering microorganisms to the intestinal tract. Because of its lower risk of complications, gavage is increasingly employed. In contrast to free bacteria and FMT, bacteria that have been encapsulated by biomaterials are better able to tolerate the acidic environment of the stomach, and the contents of their capsules can be released in the intestines. This makes bacteria encapsulated by biomaterials an attractive option for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The bacteria that have been discharged perform immune regulation tasks that are helpful in the treatment of a variety of disorders [137]