Table 1 Comparisons of targeted drug delivery to the ILS with traditional oral drug delivery as well as other delivery modalities

Targeted Drug Delivery to ILS

Enhanced drug absorption and bioavailability, Reduced hepatic first-pass metabolism, Improved lymphatic targeting for drugs with lymphatic uptake, Potential for controlled and sustained drug release

Limited to specific drugs and formulations, Requires specialized delivery systems and formulations, Complex manufacturing processes and potential batch-to-batch variation, Higher development and production costs

52, 140

Traditional Oral Drug Delivery

Convenient and non-invasive administration, Suitable for a wide range of drugs and formulations, Cost-effective production and large-scale manufacturing, Familiarity and acceptance by patients

Low drug bioavailability due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, Variability in drug absorption and inconsistent plasma drug levels, Limited drug solubility and permeability, leading to low efficacy, Susceptibility to food effects and interactions with other medications

33, 56