Fig. 3

Application of DNA aptamers-based cells targeting strategies in bone/cartilage regeneration. A Osteoblast-specific aptamers CH6 functionalized lipid nanoparticles for delivering osteogenic siRNAs. Reprinted with permission [21]. B Schematic illustration of the process of Apt19 modification and cell adhesion assay. Reprinted with permission [23]. C Apt19 immobilized bilayer scaffold for MSCs capture. Reprinted with permission [24]