Fig. 7

Application of collagen-based composites in bone/cartilage regeneration. A Schematic illustration of the process of organization of natural bone. Reprinted with permission [56]. B Surface (i) and cross-sectional (ii) SEM morphologies and TEM (iii) images of Col-FeMnHA-lamellar scaffold. And merge image of bone sialoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1 expressing cells in Col-FeMnHA-lamellar (iv). Reprinted with permission [54]. C Nanosilica-COL Scaffolds improved endogenous MSCs recruitment and osteogenesis (i). AFM images (ii) and cell surface area 3D rendering images (iii) of tetramethoxysilane nanosilica-COL scaffolds. Reprinted with permission [55]. D AFM property maps image (i, upper) of HIMC and analyses of Young's modulus (i, lower). Morphology (ii) and cross section ii representative image of 3D-COL Scaffolds. Morphology changes of HIMC treated by collagenase at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h and 6 h (iv). Reprinted with permission [56]