Fig. 8

Application of silk fibroin-based composites in bone/cartilage regeneration. A Schematic illustration of SF-gelatin scaffold generation and function. Reprinted with permission [64]. B Schematic illustration of TGF-β1 into SF-chitin composite scaffold. Reprinted with permission [66]. C Schematic illustration of the fabrication of SF/diglycidyl ether hydrogel microspheres and the treatment of OA. Reprinted with permission [67]. D Schematic illustration of the fabrication of integral bilayer methacrylated SF hydrogel scaffold and its role of osteochondral repair. Reprinted with permission [68]. E Immunofluorescence of 3D cultivation of MC3T3-E1 (i). SEM images of pure SF (ii, upper) and mineralized SF/ nano-HA nanofibrous (ii, lower) with different magnifications. Reprinted with permission [69]. F Gross views (upper) and SEM (lower) images of DCM (i), DCM/SF (ii), and SF (iii) scaffolds. Reprinted with permission [70]. G Schematic illustration of BMSC-DCM/SF implanted into mice (i). The results of HE, safranin-O, immunohistochemical COL2 and Masson staining of cartilaginous ring (ii). Schematic illustration of bionic trachea generated by BMSC-DCM/SF implanted into rabbit (iii). Reprinted with permission [70]