Fig. 9

Application of peptides in bone/cartilage regeneration. A The schematic diagram of integration of antimicrobial peptide and OGP onto polyetheretherketone surfaces showing anti-infectivity and osteo-inductivity. Reprinted with permission [91]. B The schematic diagram of exosome-activated bone scaffolds increased vascularized osteogenesis in vivo. Reprinted with permission [103]. C BMP-2 and RGD peptides modified Ti-based implants could enhance BMSCs adhesion and regulate macrophage polarization in rat. Reprinted with permission [111]