Schematic illustration of the DSNP-mediated improvement of the anti-inflammatory effect of garcinol in a mouse CIA model. DSNPs improved the anti-inflammatory effect of garcinol through several mechanisms: (1) garcinol was effectively loaded into the DSNPs; (2) the DSNPs were selectively taken up by activated macrophages via scavenger receptor class A-mediated endocytosis and effectively accumulated in inflamed joints; and (3) DSNPs enabled the release of garcinol at the intracellular regions of the inflamed site, thereby enhancing the anti-arthritic effect and avoiding the side effects of garcinol. The graphical abstract was created with BioRender.com