Fig. 1

Exosomal miRNA expression profiles of aqueous humor (AH) derived from controls and patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). A Schematic depicting the experimental flow of the aqueous humor exosomal sequencing. B Transmission electron microscope image of exosome in aqueous humor from a single patient. The exosomes were concentrated to 10 × after ultracentrifugation. Purified exosomes have a double membrane (inner membrane; blank arrowhead, outer membrane; filled arrowhead), and the size of the exosome is indicated (double-headed arrow). C Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) result of nano-size particles (exosomes) of aqueous humor from a single control and patient with CSC. Patients with CSC showed larger mean and mode vesicle sizes than the control (CTL). D Fresh frozen patient aqueous humor nanoparticle distribution in DLS measurement. The left graph shows controls (CTL, three patients), and the right graph shows CSC (three patients). The value represents the most intense nanoparticle size ± standard error. Note that intense nanoparticle (exosome) size distribution is larger in CSC than in the control. E, F Volcano plot E, and MA plot F indicate differentially expressed miRNAs between the control and CSC patients. NS for no statistical significance. Dotted line represents (E) log2 fold change > 2 and P < 0.05, and (F) log2 fold change > 2.