Fig. 3

Characterization of PEG-modified aligned fibers with different degrees of hydrophilicity. (A) SEM images, (B) diameter distribution and (C) average diameters of the three types of nanofibrous membranes (from left to right PCL, L-PECL, and H-PECL). (D) Determination of the orientations and (E) water contact angles of the different types of membranes (n = 3). (F) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the PCL, L-PECL, and H-PECL nanofibers. (G) Cytoskeleton staining showing the oriented extension of macrophages along the nanofibers (Actin: red and nucleus: blue). The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three experimental replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns indicates no significance