Fig. 4

Changes in the polarization of macrophages cultured on different types of nanofibers. (A) RT–PCR was used to determine the gene expression of the proinflammatory factors IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 in BMDMs cultured on different types of nanofibers. (B, C) Immunofluorescence analysis of iNOS, indicating M1 polarization (iNOS: green and nucleus: blue). (D, E) Immunofluorescence analysis of Arg-1, indicating M2 polarization (Arg-1: red and nucleus: blue). The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of three experimental replicates. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; ns indicates no significance