A simple and robust nanosystem for photoacoustic imaging of bladder cancer based on α5β1-targeted gold nanorods

Table 1 Characterization of coated and uncoated gold nanorods (GNRs) by ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectroscopy (UV–IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and α5β1 integrin binding assay

Nanogold	UV–IR^a (Mean ± SD)				TEM (Mean ± SD)		α5β1 binding assay (Mean ± SE)
	TSPR (nm)	LSPR (nm)	PW-85% (nm)	A₅₁₀/A₈₂₀	Length (nm)	Width (nm)	EC₅₀ (NPs/ml)
Uncoated GNRs	509 ± 1.1 (n = 4)^b	818 ± 2.3 (n = 4)^b	83.3 ± 1.3 (n = 4)^b	0.28 ± 0.01 (n = 4)^b	43.9 ± 5.4^e	10.2 ± 0.7^e	NA^h
Uncoated GNRs in 5% NaCl	0.517	> 900^d	> 100	0.59	ND^f	ND	ND
Coated GNRs
GNRs@PEG-Cys	511 ± 1.4 (n = 2)^c	827 ± 1.4 (n = 2)^c	99.8	0.33	41.0 ± 10.4 (n = 100)^g	12.9 ± 3.6 (n = 100)^g	> > 10^{11 i} (n = 3)^c
GNRs@PEG-Iso4	511 ± 1.0 (n = 3)^c	832 ± 2.0 (n = 3)^c	92.1 ± 3.4 (n = 3)^c	0.33 ± 0.02 (n = 3)^c	42.1 ± 9.4 (n = 100)^g	11.9 ± 3.3 (n = 100)^g	1.59 × 10¹⁰ ± 0.33 (n = 3)^c
GNRs@PEG-Iso4 in 5% NaCl	512	832	94.3	0.33	ND	ND	ND

^aTSPR, transverse surface plasmon resonance (peak λ_max); LSPR, longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (peak λ_max); PW-85%, peak-width at 85% of height; A₅₁₀/A₈₂₀: absorbance ratio at 510 and 820 nm
^bNumber of independent analyses on the same batch
^cNumber of independent preparations analyzed
^dMaximum wavelength that can be recorded by the UltroSpec spectrophotometer
^eAs reported on the datasheet provided by the supplier (Nanocompoxis)
^fND, not done
^gNumber of nanoparticles analyzed
^hNA, not applicable
ⁱMaximum concentration tested that gave no binding

ISSN: 1477-3155