Fig. 2
Characterization of membrane-based biomimetic nanovaccines. a TEM image of the NPs, scale bar = 200 nm. b Size distributions of the NPs detected by DLS. c Zeta potential analysis. d The encapsulation was demonstrated by detecting the fluorescence of CS-NPs/FITC-E7 and the supernatant of the second emulsion under the In-Fino FX PRO imaging system. e Confocal microscopy for analyzing the encapsulation of the NPs with ICD membrane. The E7 peptides and ICD membrane vesicles were labeled with FITC (green) and DID (red), respectively. f SDS-PAGE analysis on the distribution pattern of protein components. g Photograph showing the transition from ALG solution to hydrogel after the addition of CaCl2 solution. (h) E7 release profile from IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP and IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP@ALG in vitro. i Release curves for ATP in IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP and IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP@ALG in vitro. j TEM image of the NPs released from IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP@ALG, scale bar = 200 nm. k SDS-PAGE analysis of the NPs released from IM-CS-NPs/E7/ATP@ALG