Fig. 5

The encapsulation of NPs with ICD cell membrane significantly enhanced the capability of the nanoparticle to elicit antitumor immune effects. a Dynamic monitoring of tumor growth. b Representative picture of isolated tumor masses at the endpoint of the experiment. c Tumor weight. d Spleen weight. e, h Statistical analyses of ELISPOT, the isolated splenocytes were stimulate in vitro with E7_44-62 peptide (e) or the mixture of E7 peptides (h). f–g, i Flow cytometry analyses of MDSCs (Gr-1⁺ CD11b⁺) (g), CD8⁺ splenocytes with a stimulation in vitro of E7_44-62 peptide (f) and CD8⁺ splenocytes with a stimulation in vitro of the mixture peptides (i). Left panel, representative flow diagrams; right panel, statistical analyses. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 5). Statistical significance was calculated via two-way ANOVA (a) or one-way ANOVA (c–i), giving P values, **** P < 0.0001, *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01, and * P < 0.05