Fig. 6

Membrane-based biomimetic nanovaccine significantly inhibits the growth of established TC-1 tumors. a, g Dynamic monitoring of tumor growth. b, h Representative picture of isolated tumor masses. c, i Tumor weight. d, j Spleen weight. e, k Statistical analyses of ELISPOT, the isolated splenocytes were stimulated in vitro by different stimuli. f, l Flow cytometry analyses for the levels of MDSCs (Gr-1⁺ CD11b⁺) and CD8⁺ cells. The isolated splenocytes were stimulated in vitro by different stimuli. Left, representative diagram; right panel, statistical analyses. In the two parallel experiments, the vaccination initialed when the tumor in mice grew to 2–3 mm, n = 5 (a-f) or 5–6 mm, n = 7 (g–l) respectively. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was calculated via two-way ANOVA (a, g) or one-way ANOVA (c–f, I–l), giving P values, **** P < 0.0001, *** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01, and * P < 0.05. unpaired parametric t test, ^## P < 0.01, ^# P < 0.05 (a, c, f, J)