Fig. 4

MSC small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) attenuated lung vascular permeability and inflammation in LPS-induced ALI mice

(A-B) Pulmonary vascular permeability was assessed by measurement of (A) total protein in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and (B) lung wet/dry ratios (n = 15)

(C-D) (C) Total cells counts and (D) neutrophil counts were performed on BALF to evaluate lung inflammation (n = 15)

(E-H) The levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as (E) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), (F) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), (G) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokines (H) mouse macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (JE-1) were measured by mouse enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in BALF samples (n = 15)

(I-L) mRNA and protein levels of (I) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), (J) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), (K) interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokines (L) mouse macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (JE-1) in lung tissues of LPS mice which were treated with or without MSC sEVs (n = 3 for mRNA and n = 6 for protein)

(M-N) MPO activity in (M) BALF and (N) lung tissues of saline or ALI mice treated with or without MSC sEVs (n = 15)

Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. ** P < 0.01, compared between the Sham group and each treated group (LPS + PBS, Sham + MSC-sEVs, LPS + MSC-sEVs). # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01, compared between the LPS + PBS and the treated group (Sham + MSC-sEVs, LPS + MSC-sEVs). && P < 0.01, compared between the Sham + MSC-sEVs and the LPS + MSC-sEVs group