Table 4 The top 10 most cited research papers

1

Xin, Hongqi [44]

STEM CELLS

MiR-133b is transferred by MSC-released EVs, which can promote neurite remodeling and brain plasticity by regulating genes associated with neuronal growth, such as CTGF and RhoA. It can be inferred that EVs may play potential roles in SCI by mediating gene expression regulation, neurite regeneration, modulating inflammation, immune responses, and intercellular communication pathways

2

Rebecca, P. Seal [46]

NATURE

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons transmit sensory information to the spinal cord using the excitatory transmitter glutamate, a process that depends on glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles for regulated exocytotic release. Persistent pain caused by injury is associated with a low abundance of the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 expressed by a small subset of cells in the DRG

3

Veronica, J. Tom [47]

J NEUROSCI

Time-lapse movies demonstrated that dystrophic endings after SCI continually send out membrane veils and endocytose large membrane vesicles at the leading edge, which were then retrogradely transported to the rear of the “growth cone”

4

Liu, Wei [45]

J NEUROINFLAMM

Hypoxia preconditioning represents a promising and effective approach to optimize the therapeutic actions of MSC-derived EVs. And a combination of MSC-derived EVs and miRNAs may present a minimally invasive method for treating SCI

5

Guo, Shaowei [49]

ACS NANO

EVs therapy promotes recovery from SCI: MSC-Exo, administered intranasally, can cross the blood–brain barrier and migrate to the injured spinal cord area. ExoPTEN loaded in MSC-Exo reduces PTEN expression, enhances axonal growth and neovascularization, decreases microgliosis and astrogliosis, improves structural and electrophysiological function, and significantly promotes functional recovery in rats with complete SCI

6

Huang, Jianghu [50]

J NEUROTRAUM

Systemic administration of MSCs-EVs attenuated cell apoptosis and inflammation, promoted angiogenesis, and promoted functional recovery post-SCI, suggesting that MSCs-EVs hold promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating SCI

7

Gimona, Mario [169]

INT J MOL SCI

In this article, they discussed the requirements for manufacturing, safety, and efficacy testing of EVs along their path from the laboratory to the patient. They also deliberated the rationale for testing MSC-EVs in selected diseases with an unmet clinical need such as critical size bone defects, epidermolysis bullosa and SCI

8

Hervera, Arnau [51]

NAT CELL BIOL

ROS promote axonal retraction and degeneration, but they are also necessary for axonal regeneration and recovery after SCI. EVs contribute to spinal cord regeneration after injury by activating the NOX2-PI3K-p-Akt signaling pathway

9

Sun, Guodong [15]

MAT SCI ENG C-MATER

HucMSC-derived EVs can promote SCI healing by suppressing inflammatory response. They modulate the polarization of inflammatory cells and downregulate inflammatory factors, improving functional recovery. These findings offer a new perspective and therapeutic strategy for SCI treatment

10

Vaccari, J. De Rivero [48]

J NEUROCHEM

EVs act as carriers to deliver siRNA and inhibit inflammasome activation, thereby suppressing neuroinflammatory responses following SCI. This provides a novel therapeutic approach for treating inflammation and cellular damage induced by central nervous system injuries