Table 2 Representative studies of biomedical materials in imaging tests for MI
From: Application of biomedical materials in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction
Biomedical materials | Imaging modalities | Advantages | Limitations | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
DSPE-PEG\ MFRFs | MRI | Qualitative and quantitative MRI, high accumulation. | High cost. | [135] |
Hsp70-SPIONs | High contrast, preferential accumulation in the heart tissue. | Low sensitivity. | [136] | |
MnO2@BSA | High spatial resolution, good molecular relaxivity, high accumulation, rapid metabolism. | Long scan times. | [137] | |
AuNPs | CT | High tissue accumulation, prolonged and significant imaging, adequate contrast, superior tissue penetration and spatial resolution, high safety. | Radiation, poor soft tissue contrast. | [138] |
AuNPs | Stable blood pool enhancement, superior X-ray attenuation and profile. | Radiation, amount of AuNPs necessary for imaging was relatively high, lower limb dysfunction of unknown cause. | [139] | |
cROMP nanoparticles | High tissue accumulation, good structural integrity, high sensitivity. | Radiation, uncertain eliminating method. | [140] | |
N1177 | Good targeting, high spatial and temporal resolutions. | Radiation, uncertain kinetics and optimal dose. | [141] | |
ExiTron MyoC 8000 | High iodine concentration, long blood half-life, ingested by healthy heart muscle, low dose required. | Radiation, poor targeting. | [142] | |
CNA35-PFP NPs | US | High contrast, high tissue accumulation, noninvasive, economical, and real-time. | Low resolution. | [143] |
CLIO-VT750 | FMT | Long half-life, high contrast, good targeting, multi-channel simultaneous imaging. | Long scan times. | [144] |
Macroflor | PET | Short blood half-life, high tissue accumulation, good targeting. | Lower retention, long scan times. | [145] |
64Cu-Macrin | Quantitative determination, good targeting, high safety. | Imaging depends on the abundance, activity, and phagocytic history of macrophages. | [146] |