Engineered extracellular vesicles-like biomimetic nanoparticles as an emerging platform for targeted cancer therapy

Table 1 Comparison of EVs, EBPs and non-biomimetic synthetic nanoparticles

	EVs	Non-biomimetic synthetic nanoparticles	EBPs
Generation approaches	Cellular secretion	Synthetic techniques	Combination of both
Structure	Nanovesicles composed of cell membranes	Multiple types	Cell membrane vesicles or nanoparticles mixed with cell membrane components
Functionality	Limited bioactive functions	Multi-functional, easy to implement physical and chemical modifications	Multi-functional, easy to implement physical, chemical and biological modifications
Biosafety and immunogenicity	Good biocompatibility, non-human cells may be immunogenic	The synthetic material itself may have certain toxicity and immunogenicity	Good biocompatibility, adjustable immunogenicity
Productivity	Low	High	Hopefully improved
Drug carrying capacity	Difficult to load hydrophilic drugs	High	High
Stability	High	Not always	High
Clinical research	Less, the actual application effect is unknown	More	Less
Application prospect	Poor repeatability	Simple, standard production and loading methods	Expected to have more scalable production approaches

ISSN: 1477-3155