Fig. 7

PELNs inducing the differentiation of DP CD4⁺CD8⁺T cells. a, Schematic representation of mechanisms for Lactobacillus reuteri metabolizing tryptophan (L-Trp) into indole derivatives; b, PELNs promote the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri; c, PELNs treatment significantly increased the levels of indole derivatives; d, e, PELNs treatment significantly decreased the levels of Zbtb7b protein using WB and IHC assay; f, Schematic representation for the derivatives of Lactobacillus reuteri activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in conventional CD4⁺ T cells, and leading to the downregulation of Zbtb7b expression and the reprogramming of conventional CD4⁺ T cells into DP CD4⁺CD8⁺ T cells; g, Flow cytometry detecting the population of DP CD4⁺CD8⁺ T cells in colonic samples; h, Represent immunofluorescence showing the population of DP CD4⁺CD8⁺ T cells in colonic samples. Data are representative FCM images or expressed as the mean ± SEM of each group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01