Fig. 4

In vitro cell migration consideration on L929 cells using pEVs and GelAlg@rGO-pEV. (A) Light microscopic images at L929 cells cultured in PBS (negative control), pEVs (1.03 × 10¹¹ particles mL^− 1), GelAlg@rGO and GelAlg@rGO-pEV with 5 min of NIR irradiation (808 nm, 2 W cm^− 2) at t = 0. (B) Wound closing determined by the relative wound area after 12 h from Fig. 4A. Data are represented as mean +/- SD, with n = 3 replicates; (ns > 0.05. *p < 0.05)