Fig. 4

dNPc-exo-carried miR-27a-3p accelerates the M1 polarization of macrophages via regulation of the PPARγ/NFκB/PI3K/AKT pathway. (A, B) A bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding sites between miR-27a-3p and PPARγ, confirmed by dual-Luciferase reporter assay. (C) The loading efficiency of miR-27a-3p of exosomes. (D, F, G) RT-qPCR and western blot analysis of PPARγ, NFκB, PI3K, AKT, iNOS and TNF-α gene expression in M0 macrophages after treatment with PPARγ plasmid and siRNA. (E, H, I) RT-qPCR and western blot analysis of PPARγ, NFκB, PI3K, AKT, iNOS, TNF-α and miR-27a-3p gene expression in M0 macrophages after treatment with miR-27a-3p mimic and inhibitor. The data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. n = 3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, non-significant difference