Nano-immunotherapy: overcoming delivery challenge of immune checkpoint therapy

Kiaie, Seyed Hossein; Salehi-Shadkami, Hossein; Sanaei, Mohammad Javad; Azizi, Marzieh; Shokrollahi Barough, Mahdieh; Nasr, Mohammad Sadegh; Sheibani, Mohammad

doi:10.1186/s12951-023-02083-y

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Table 2 The various ICIs and NDDS for cancer IMT using monotherapy and combinatorial therapies

From: Nano-immunotherapy: overcoming delivery challenge of immune checkpoint therapy

ICI type	Target Disease	Nanoparticle type	Combination	Refs
PD-1, PD-L1 pathway inhibition
PD-L1 siRNA	Breast cancer	N,N,N-Trimethyl chitosan (TMC)	–	[94]
		IR792-MCN¹@ZIF²-8-PD-L1 siRNA (IM@ZP) NPs	–	[95]
		siPD-L1@PM³/DOX⁴/LP⁵ NPs	Doxorubicin	[96]
		PLGA⁶-based polymeric NPs	–	[97]
		Liposome	Birinapant	[98]
		Dextran NPs	–	[99]
		Cancer cell membrane-coated NPs (CCMNPs)	Doxorubicin	[100]
	Melanoma	(PEI⁷-PD-L1 siRNA complex) in liposome	Imatinib	[101]
		LNP⁸	–	[101]
		PDPA⁹	PDT	[102]
		PEG¹⁰-CDM¹¹-PDEA¹² and PEI-PDEA	PDT	[103]
	Melanoma and breast cancer	HA¹³-TAT¹⁴-TMC	STAT3 siRNA	[104]
	Lung cancer	cRGD¹⁵-targeted liposome	Anemoside B4 (AB4)	[105]
	Lung cancer	PEI-LNPs	IL-2 DNA plasmid	[106]
	Gastric Cancer	FA¹⁶-PEG-PEI	–	[107]
	HCC	(TT-LDCP)¹⁷ NPs	IL-12 DNA plasmid	[108]
	Pancreatic cancer	Magnetic nanocarriers	–	[109]
Anti PD-1 Ab	Melanoma	pH-Sensitive calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) NPs	Zebularine	[110]
		Microneedle composed of: HA-pH-sensitive Dextran@ aPD1 and Gox¹⁸	Glucose oxidase	[111]
		Inflammation-responsive nano-cocoons	TLR-9 agonist	[112]
		CaCO₃ NPs	Zebularine (Zeb), an HMA	[110]
		pH Dual-Sensitive Micelles	Paclitaxel	[113]
	Melanoma and breast cancer	Maleimide-terminated PEG-PLGA	OX 40 agonist	[114]
	Breast cancer	DMSNs¹⁹@HA	anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mimicking DCs	[115]
	Colorectal cancer	PEG-PLGA	TGFβ antagonist	[63]
Anti PD-L1 Ab	Colon cancer and melanoma	Iron-dextran NPs	4-1BB agonist	[116]
	Gastric cancer	Polyethylene glycol-poly(ε-caprolactone) NPs (PEG-PCL NPs)	Docetaxel	[5]
	NSCLC	ARAC construct	PLK1 inhibitor (volasertib)	[117]
	Glioblastoma	LNP	Dinaciclib	[118]
PD-L1 trap plasmid DNA	HCC	LCP²⁰	–	[119]
	Pancreatic cancer	LPD²¹	CXCL12 antagonist	[120]
	Colon carcinoma	LPD²¹	Oxaliplatin	[53]
Anti PD-1 peptides	Ovarian cancer	Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)	Photothermal therapy	[121]
Anti PD-1 peptides	Breast cancer and CRC	PLGA and HAuNS²²	–	[122]
Anti PD-1 mRNA	Intestinal cancer	LNP	Pembrolizumab	[123]
PD-L1 gRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid	Glioblastoma	PEI lipid (shell)-PLGA (core)	–	[54]
CTLA-4 pathway inhibition
CTLA-4 siRNA	CRC and Breast cancer	Chitosan Lactate (CL)	–	[90]
CTLA-4 siRNA	Melanoma	(PEG-PLA²³), (BHEMChol²⁴)	–	[124]
Anti CTLA-4 Ab	Melanoma	FMSN²⁵	–	[125]
Anti CTLA-4 Ab	CRC	pLHMGA²⁶	–	[126]
Other pathways
IDO inhibitor (NLG919)	Breast cancer	PSSN10²⁷ prodrug polymer (Nano-micelles)	Doxorubicin	[127]
Tim-3 siRNA	HCC	(CC@SR&SF@PP)²⁸	Sorafenib	[128]
Multi-pathway inhibition
LAG-3/ PD-1 siRNA	Breast cancer	TMC-dextran sulfate—lactate	–	[52]
CD155 siRNA, PD-L1 Ab	Breast cancer	mPEG²⁹-PLGA-PLL³⁰ (PEAL Nps)	–	[129]
PD-L1, IDO receptor	Melanoma	PD-1⁺ cell membrane-derived nanovesicles	–	[130]
PD-1, IDO Ab/1-MT¹³	Melanoma	HA	–	[131]
CTLA-4, PD-1 Ab	Glioblastoma	Poly (β-L-malic acid) based Nps	–	[132]
PD-1, PD-L1 siRNAs	CRC	PLGA based Nps	–	[133]
PD-1, PD-L1 siRNAs	Breast cancer	LCP	–	[51]

1.Mesoporous carbon nanocomposite; 2.Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8; 3.PAMAM dendrimer; 4.Doxorubicin; 5.Liposome; 6.Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid; 7. Polyethyleneimine; 8. Lipid nanoparticles; 9. poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate); 10. Polyethylene glycol; 11. 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride; 12.Poly(2- (diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate; 13.Hyaluronic acid; 14. Transactivator of transcription peptide; 15.Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid; 16.Folic acid; 17.Tumor-targeted lipid-dendrimer-calcium-phosphate; 18.Glucose oxidase; 19. Dendritic mesoporous silica NPs; 20. Lipid-coated calcium-phosphate; 21. Lipid-protamine-DNA; 22. Hollow gold nano-shell; 23. polylactic acid; 24. N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-cholesteryloxycarbonyl aminoethyl) ammonium bromide; 25.Functionalized mesoporous silica NPs; 26.Poly(D, L lactic-cohydroxymethylglycolic acid); 27.POEG(poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate)) hydrophilic block and a NLG hydrophobic block; 28.Carboxymethyl chitosan(CMCS)@Tim-3 siRNA (SR) &Sorfeinb(SF)@mPEG5K-PAE10K (PP) NPs; 29.Methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-graft; 30.Poly(L-lysine)

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