Fig. 5

a Schematic diagram showing the depolarization of nerve cells triggered by 405 nm laser-irradiated PENCs. Inset is the TEM result of PENCs. Fluorescence signal changes of b Di-8-ANEPPS and c Cal-520 of PC12 cells. d Moving distance at speeds faster than 20 mm/s of five groups of zebrafishes including (I) control, (II) epileptic, (III) PENCs, (IV) laser and (V) PENCs + laser. Reprinted with permission [62]. Copyright 2017, Science Press. e Schematic illustration of in vivo reactions triggered by light-irradiated P3HT-NP. f The P3HT-NPs-induced responding behaviors of H. vulgaris in one cycle of light. g P3HT-NPs’ photoactivation effect on the expression of opsin3-like gene. Reprinted with permission [23]. Copyright 2017, AAAS