Fig. 9

Schematic diagram of ROS production induced by CFO-BFO nanoparticles in AMF to a kill tumor cells and b dissociate Aβ aggregates of AD. Reprinted with permission [70]. Copyright 2021, ACS. Reprinted with permission [71]. Copyright 2022, AAAS c Schematic diagram of the double-phase material consists of magnetostrictive as well as piezoelectric components, where strain coupling effect plays a role to produce magnetoelectricity. d Calcium activities’ variations showing the effect of magnetic signals on MENPs to regulate neural activities in vitro. e MENP-induced increase of c-Fos expressing levels observed from motor cortex (CTX: M1 and M2) as well as limbic thalamus (PV). The external magnetic stimulating field is DC (left) and AC + DC (right), respectively. f Dynamic as well as static differences of differently-treated mice’ moving behaviors observed using a CatWalk device. Reprinted with permission [43]. Copyright 2021, AAAS