Carbon nanotubes: a powerful bridge for conductivity and flexibility in electrochemical glucose sensors

Table 2 CNT-based enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors

Enzyme	Electrode	Combination with CNTs	Forms of CNT	Linear range (mM)	LOD (μM)	Long-term stability	Real sample analysis	Refs.
GOx	GOx/VACNTs/PANI	Chemical vapor deposition	VACNTs	0.002–0.426	1.1	45 days	Human serum	[69]
GOx	acid-CNTs-2.5/PPy/FTO	Layer-by-layer modification	acid-CNTs	0.01–0.7	–	14 days	Artificial saliva	[72]
GOx	GOx/P(SNS-An-CO-EDOT)/CNTs	Polymerization	MWCNTs	0.01–5.0	1.9	40 days 10% loss	Juice	[75]
GOx	GOx/HRP/MWCNTs/Au foam	Electrodeposition	MWCNTs	0.05–1.1	25	45 days	Human serum	[78]
GOx	nGOx/N-CNTs-Chi/GCE	Situ polymerization	N-CNTs	0.01–1.74	6.92	1 h 92% remained at 65 °C	–	[79]
GOx	GOx@PAVE-CNTs	Non-covalent bonding	MWCNTs	0.0001–5	0.36	35 days 92.4% remained	Human serum, Human urine	[80]
GOx	PTFE/GOx/AuNPs/PANI/MWCNTs/GCE	Layer-by-layer assembly	MWCNTs	0.0625–1.19	0.19	30 days at least 89.5% remained at 4 °C	Human serum	[83]
GOx	GOx/AuNP/PANI/rGO/NH2-MWCNTs/SPCE	Single-step pyrolysis	MWCNTs	1–10	64	30 days 96% remained at − 20 °C	Human serum	[84]
GDH	GDH/amino-CNTs/graphene/thionine/AuNPs	Cyclic voltammetry treatment	NH₂-CNTs	0.5–6.9	50	3 weeks	–	[85]
GDH	GDH/MG − Tb@mesoMOFs-CNTs/GCE	Hydrothermal process	f-CNTs (hydroxyl group and carboxyl group)	0.025–17	8	10 days 98.2% remained	Human serum	[89]
GOx	GOx/Au/MOFs (Fe, Mn)/CNTs	Hydrothermal process	acid-CNTs	1.05–1.3 μM	0.002	–	Human serum	[90]
GOx	PPG@Ru@UiO-66-NH₂/GOx	Electrodeposition	Not mentioned	1–10	5	7 days 95.2% remained	–	[91]

“–” means information not available in the article
AuNP gold nanoparticle, CNT carbon nanotube, EDOT 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), f-CNT functionalized carbon nanotube, GCE glassy carbon electrode, GDH glucose dehydrogenase, GOx glucose oxidase, HRP horseradish peroxidase, mesoMOF mesoporous metal–organic framework, MG methylene green, MOF metal–organic framework, MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube, N-CNT nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube, NH₂-MWCNT amino functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube, PANI polyaniline, PAVE poly(acrylic acid-r-(7-(4-vinylbenzyloxy)-4-methyl coumarin)-r-ethylhexyl acrylate), PPG photoplethysmogram, PPy polypyrrole, PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene, rGO reduced graphene oxide, SNS-An 2,5-di(thienyl)pyrrole, SPCE screen-printed carbon electrode, UiO-66-NH₂ zirconium metal–organic framework, VACNT vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube

ISSN: 1477-3155