Fig. 4
Reproduced with permission from Ref. [103] Copyright 2021, Elsevier Inc. C Schematic representation showing the preparation of Ag-Bi@SiO2 NPs nanoparticles and the synergistic antibacterial effect both in vitro and in vivo. D The healing effect of Ag-Bi@SiO2 NPs nanoparticles on skin wounds of S. aureus-infected mice. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [104] Copyright 2020, WILEY–VCH. E Illustration of the preparation of ultrathin hollow silica nanoparticles modified with chitosan for photodynamic antibacterial loaded with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6). F The inhibition of S. aureus by Ce6 and UHSN@CS-Ce6 and the elimination of biofilm. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [112] Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. G Illustration of the design of a hybrid nanosystem with photodynamic synergy. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [114] Copyright 2021, Wiley–VCH. H The construction of AuNRs@Cur nanocomplexes with combined photothermal and photodynamic antibacterial activity. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [123] Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V. I The design of GNRs@mSiO2-SNO/ICG NPs nanoparticles and the role of removing bacterial biofilms. a Schematic illustration of the design of GNRs@mSiO2- SNO/ICG NPs and their targeted removal of periodontal bacterial biofilm as well as inflammatory modulation. b Removal of P. gingivalis biofilm by GNRs@mSiO2, GNRs@ mSiO2/ICG, GNRs@mSiO2-SNO, and GNRs@mSiO2-SNO/ICG nanoparticles. c Ratio of dead/live bacteria in P. gingivalis biofilm by GNRs@mSiO2, GNRs@mSiO2/ICG, GNRs@ mSiO2-SNO, GNRs@mSiO2-SNO/ICG nanoparticles. d The average thickness of GNRs@ mSiO2, GNRs@mSiO2/ICG, GNRs@mSiO2-SNO, and GNRs@mSiO2-SNO/ICG after the action of P. gingivalis biofilm. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [128] Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V
A Illustration of the design of NIR-responsive nanosystems and the removal of the S. aureus biofilms. B The effect was of different AuNR@MSN nanosystems photothermal on the cell viability of S. aureus biofilms.