Fig. 5

Reproduced with permission from Ref. [130] Copyright 2013, Elsevier Ltd. B The biophysical model of the interaction between nanopillars and bacterial cells on the wing surface of the cicada (P. claripennis). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [132] Copyright 2013, The Biophysical Society. C Characterization of black silicon. D It was observed that B. subtilis vegetative cells and spores of B. subtilis were significantly disrupted by interaction with bSi. Scale bars, 200 nm. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [133] Copyright 2013, Macmillan Publishers Limited. E Schematic diagram of MSN-DAMO and MSN-G3 nanomaterials. F The internalization of MSN, MSN-DAMO, and MSN-G3 materials towards Gram-negative E. coli. Reproduced with permission from Ref. [135] Copyright 2018, Elsevier Ltd