Fig. 7

Cytotoxicity and systemic toxicity effect of the IBC-PB composites: (a) in vitro cytotoxic effect comparison between the IBC-PB composites and the PB NPs in the RAW 264.7 cell line (n = 3, mean ± s.d.). b In vitro therapeutic window of the PB NPs and IBC-PB composites. c Biochemical analysis of blood 24 h after a subcutaneous injection of the NS, PB NPs, and IBC-PB composites into mice (kidney function indices: blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatine (CREA), liver function indices: aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT)) (n = 3, mean ± s.d.). d H&E staining paraffin-sectioned images of major organs 24 h after a subcutaneous injection of NS, PB NPs, and IBC-PB composites in mice. *: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.001. The statistical analysis was conducted by means of a student’s t test for a and b. (IBC-PB: IBC-PB composites)