Fig. 3

A multifunctional photosensitizer, heptamethine indocyanine dye, grafted on PEG and BPEI dual-functionalized GO for synergistic phototherapy. A Structure of heptamethine indocyanine dye. B Schematic illustration of the preparation and cancer synergistic phototherapy implementation of GO-808. C IR-808 release rate of GO-808 (covalent conjugation) and NGO@808 (non-covalent stacking) in PBS or 10% FBS. D Thermal images of PBS (upper row) and GO-808 (bottom row) during 5 min irradiation. E In vitro PDT/PTT effects of GO-808 on A549 and Lewis cells at 24 h post laser irradiation. Fluorescence images of Calcein AM-PI co-stained tumor cells. F A549 cells treated with IR-808 (10 μM) or NGO-808 (10 μM) in different conditions were imaged by confocal microscope for cell uptake. G In vivo tumor-targeted NIR imaging of GO-808 on nude mice bearing A549 tumors and C57 mice bearing Lewis tumors. In vivo images of (a) A549 tumor and (b) Lewis tumor. Ex vivo images of dissected organs and tumors from nude mice (c) and C57 mice (d) at 48 h post injection (from left to right: lung, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, intestine, muscle, tumor). H The IR thermal imaging of (a) A549 tumor xenografts and (b) Lewis tumor xenografts were recorded after 5 min 808 nm laser irradiation at 48 h post tail vein injection of PBS, IR-808, GO-PEG-BPEI and GO-808. I The tumor volumes in A549 tumor (a) and Lewis tumor (b) treated by different conditions [149]