Fig. 7
Reproduced from [135] with permission
An illustration of fracture healing pointing out the different cells and factors that are either negative or positive regulators of regeneration, as well as potential targets for siRNA interventions. DKK1, dickkopf-related protein 1; OPG, osteoprotegerin; ALPL, alkaline phosphatase; PPARG, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Wnt, wingless-related integration site; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ANG, angiopoietin; SOX-9, sex determining region Y-Box 9; ACP5, acid phosphatase 5; BGLAP, bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (Osteocalcin); MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RUNX2, runt-related transcription factor 2; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.