Fig. 3

RNPs promote chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. (A) Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining of ATDC5 cells cultured in chondrogenic medium for 7 days. (B-D) The expression of chondrogenic genes Col2a1, Acan and Sox9 in ATDC5 cells after 96 h of chondrogenic differentiation. (E-H) The expression of relative proteins (Col II, SOX9 and p-S6) of ATDC5 cells cultured in chondrogenic medium for 7 days. (I) Alcian blue staining of ATDC5 cells encapsulated in hydrogels for chondrogenic differentiation and cultured in chondrogenic medium for 14 days, Scale Bar 200 μm. n = 3 per group. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis. Data are presented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001