Table 3 Comparison of improved nucleic acid decoding methods

liposome fusion

1.Sequence specific DNA-mediated liposome fusion

2.Virus-mimicking fusogenic vesicle

3.Antibody-mediated capture and liposome-mediated reagent delivery

1.Fast, sensitive and specific

2.Rapid detection of miRNA

3.High accuracy

Need more stable membrane fusion

SERS sensor

1.Microfluidic surface-enhanced Raman scattering

2.Target-triggered hot-spot SERS strategy

1.Low sample consumption and high accuracy

2.High sensitivity in situ detection

1.Cannot detect multiple targets at the same time

2.Need suitable substrate

Electrochemical sensor

1.Localized DNA cascade displacement reaction (L-DCDR)

2.Polymerization catalytic hairpin assembly (SP-CHA)

3.Multifunctional DNA tetrahedrons assisted catalytic hairpin assembly

1.Fast response and ultra-high sensitivity

2.Easy to operate, wide linear range

3.Ultra-sensitive detection in a short time.

2.Sample needs pretreatment

3.Slightly poor stability

Thermophoresis Sensor

1.NanoFlares

2.DNA tetrahedron

1.Situ detection

2.High sensitivity