Fig. 5

The dsDNA@DMONs exhibit potent anti-tumor efficacy and remodel the tumor immune microenvironment. A Schematic illustration of the dosing regimen, a subcutaneous tumor model was established on C57BL/6 J mice using B16-F10 cells, and different treatments were given to each group (n = 6) after tumor formation. B Growth curve of the tumor volume of mice in each group. C Representative photographs of B16-F10 tumor tissues dissected from each group after the therapeutic period. D Flow cytometry analysis showing the percentage of infiltrating CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells in CD45⁺ cells in each group. E Number of CD8⁺ T lymphocytes per 100,000 cells in tumor tissues from each group analyzed by flow cytometry. F Flow cytometric analysis of TNFα⁺CD8⁺ lymphocytes out of the total CD8⁺ T lymphocytes and G the respective statistical analysis. H Analysis of the number of DCs per 100,000 cells in tumor tissues using flow cytometry. I Expression of CD80 on the surface of DCs. J Number of natural killer (NK) cells. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). P value was calculated by unpaired Student's t-test in E, G-J, or two-way ANOVA in B. (n.s., not significant, p > 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001).