Fig. 8

Activation of the human complement by PNPs. Classical (A) and alternative (B) pathway activation was evaluated by lytic assays. The activation of lectin pathway (C) and the deposition of TCC (D) were assessed by ELISA. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 3. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001; **** p-value < 0.0001. HS: human serum; uPNPs: untargeted nanoparticles; tPNPs: targeted nanoparticles; CH50: 50% of hemolytic activity induced by the classical pathway; AP50: 50% of hemolytic activity induced by the alternative pathway; LP: lectin pathway; abs: absorbance; TCC: terminal complement complex