Fig. 7
Various types of coatings on the nanoparticles and their impact in the agriculture field: The metal nanoparticles can be coated with natural organic matter (NOM), amino acids, proteins, antibodies, polymers, surfactants, and negatively or positively charged moieties. Such coatings make the surface of nanoparticles either hydrophilic or hydrophobic and govern their stability in aqueous suspension, dissolution, transport in plants, and interactions with plant cells