Fig. 1

Synthesis and characterization of the CZ nanomedicines. a Schematic illustration of CZ nanomedicines. b–e TEM images of 3CZ (b), 5CZ (c), 7CZ (d), and 9CZ (e) nanomedicines, respectively. f–i EELS elemental mapping of Ce (blue) and Zr (green). j Schematic diagram of crystal structure models of 7CZ nanomedicines. The red, yellow and green balls represent O, Zr, and Ce atoms, respectively. k FTIR spectrum of 7CZ nanomedicines. l XPS spectrum of 7CZ nanomedicines. m XPS spectrum of the Ce in 3CZ, 5CZ, 7CZ and 9CZ nanomedicines. Ce³⁺ peaks are marked with yellow bands