Fig. 4
From: TiO2 nanoparticles promote tumor metastasis by eliciting pro-metastatic extracellular vesicles
TiO2 NPs-induced EVs promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. a Schematic illustration of the establishment and experimental protocol in tumor-bearing mice. b Lungs metastases were visualized after fixed with paraformaldehyde containing 10% picric acid. White spots represent the metastatic tumors. c Number of pulmonary metastases in tumor-bearing mice treated with PBS-EVs or TiO2-EVs. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 6). Statistical analysis was measured by one-way ANOVA. d The representative bioluminescence images of mice were used to track the growth and metastasis of tumor cells after intravenous injection of PBS-EVs or TiO2-EVs. e Bioluminescence intensities of lung metastases after 3 weeks. f, g Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging (f) and intensities (g) of major organs after intravenous injection of PBS-EVs or TiO2-EVs. h Western blotting analysis of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with PBS-EVs or TiO2-EVs