Fig. 5

Macrophage polarization in response to Algs hydrogels in vitro. (A) Illustration of in vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMs) stimulation assays. (B) Representative immunofluorescence staining images of CD206 and Arg-1 (M2 macrophages marker) of BMDMs. Scale bar: 100 μm. C, D) Statistical data of the percentage of Arg-1⁺ and CD206⁺ macrophages. E) Flow cytometry analysis indicating the proportion of M2 macrophages (F4/80⁺CD206⁺). F) Protein expression level of CD206, iNOS, MMP-9, and Arg-1 in macrophages determined by western blot. (n = 3; mean ± s.d.; ns, not statistically significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)