Fig. 1

Morphology and characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and hUCMSC exosomes. a Appearance of MSC fibroblast sample, as shown based on an optical microscope image (×40). b The surface markers of hUCMSCs were analyzed via flow cytometry. hUCMSCs tested positive for CD73, CD105, and CD90, but were negative for CD34, CD14, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. c MSCs had the ability to differentiate into adipocytes (×40). d MSCs also had the ability to differentiate into chondrocytes (×40). e MSCs had the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts (×40). f Exosome morphology observed via transmission electron microscopy. g The particle size distribution of exosomes measured using NANOSIGHT software. h Western blot analyses of the exosome surface markers (CD9, CD81, and CD63)