Table 1 Represent nanomaterials for radio-immunotherapy
From: Radiotherapy combined with nano-biomaterials for cancer radio-immunotherapy
Radiotherapy type | Nano materials | With or without combine therapy | Sensitization principle | Tumor type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
X-ray | AC-NPs | αPD-1 | Captures tumor-derived protein antigens, transportes them to antigen-presenting cells | Melanoma metastasis [41] |
X-ray | WSP NPs | αPD-L1 | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy | Metastatic breast carcinoma [42] |
177Lu | 177Lu@Au NC | αPD-L1 | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy and down-regulates the expression of PD-L1 | Metastatic breast carcinoma and colorectal cancer [20] |
X-ray | αPD-L1-LNP | αPD-L1 | Improves targeting efficiency, induces up-regulation of PD-L1 | Glioblastoma [44] |
X-ray | FeWOX-PEG | αCTLA-4 | Promotes the tumor-infiltration of various types of immune cells | Metastatic breast carcinoma [25] |
X-ray | DBP-Hf nMOF | IDOi | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy | Metastatic breast carcinoma and colorectal cancer [26] |
X-ray | 4PI-Zn@CaCO3 | IDOi | Reverses acidity-induced radioresistance, suppresses the production of Kyn, inhibits tryptophan (Trp) metabolism | Metastatic breast carcinoma [64] |
131I | 131I-Cat/CpG/ALG | αCTLA-4 | Relieves the tumor hypoxia | Metastatic colorectal cancer [52] |
X-ray | PLGA-R837@ Cat | αCTLA-4 | Relieves the tumor hypoxia | Metastatic breast carcinoma [54] |
177Lu | 177Lu-APPs-PEG | Without | Relieves the tumor hypoxia, enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T cells | Metastatic breast carcinoma [22] |
X-ray | Hf-DBP-Fe | αPD-L1 | Attenuates hypoxia, enhance the diffusion of (ROS) | Melanoma metastasis [21] |
X-ray | ACF@MnO2 | αPD-L1 | Relieves the tumor hypoxia, inhibits HIF-1, down-regulates PD-L1 | Metastatic breast carcinoma and colorectal cancer [29] |
X-ray | Ag2S QDs, NO | αPD-L1 | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy, relieves the tumor hypoxia | Metastatic colorectal cancer Melanoma metastasis [57] |
X-ray | nMOF-CpGs | αPD-L1 | Releases DAMPs and tumor antigens, delivers PAMPs | Metastatic colorectal cancer [71] |
X-ray | E743–62–PC7A | Without | Enhances immunity in a STING-dependent manner | Lung metastases [73] |
X-ray | cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) | Without | Turn an immunologically “cold” tumor into an immunologically “hot” tumor | Epithelial ovarian cancer [77] |
X-ray | BNP-PC7A/CpG | Without | Captures cancer neoantigens, enhance their uptake in DCs | Melanoma Neuroblastom [78] |
X-ray | IMD@Hf-DBP/αCD47 | αPD-L1 | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy, reverses immunosuppressed macrophages | Metastatic colorectal cancer [28] |
X-ray | GLP-BiNP | Without | Increases the sensitivity of radiotherapy, activates dendritic cells | Metastatic breast carcinoma [24] |
X-ray | ANPs | Without | Induces mature DC migrate to the tumor-draining lymph node and initiates the T-cell expansion | Metastatic breast carcinoma [79] |
X-ray | Ch/γ-PGA NPs | Without | Reverses immunosuppressed macrophages, improves the maturation level of DC cells | Metastatic breast carcinoma [80] |
X-ray | PSeR/DOX | Without | Enhances NK cells' function | Lung metastases [30] |
ɣ-ray | Cyt-SeSe-Cyt | Without | Enhances NK cells' function | Lung metastases [31] |