Table 1 Traditional drug delivery methods
Drug delivery methods | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Oral administration | Contains both solid and liquid dosage forms Noninvasive administration Simple and convenient | The absorption of the drug is strongly influenced by the first-pass effect in the liver and the destruction of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract Drugs cannot be orally administered to unconscious persons | |
Sublingual administration | Includes sublingual and buccal routes, avoids the first-pass effect, easy to administer | Irritating to the oral mucosa Taste not preferred by patients | |
Injection administration | Includes intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes Avoids the first-pass effect Precise control of blood concentration Can be given to unconscious patients | There is a risk of phlebitis, drug extravasation, and allergies The effect is related to changes in blood flow Taking stimulating drugs can cause pain | |
Rectal administration | Can be used for patients who cannot swallow, vomit, or are unconscious Avoids the first-pass effect | Not convenient to use Drug absorption is slow or erratic Not accepted by the patient |