Fig. 5

Metabolome analysis of lettuce leaves after 2 weeks of initial treatment. a Principal component analysis (PCA) plot and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model for identifying differential metabolites in the control and the LDH10 and RW10 treatments. LDH/CK (i), RW/CK (ii), LDH/RW (iii), and PCA (iv). The shape and color of the points correspond to different experimental groups. PC1: first principal component score; PC2: orthogonal principal component score; t1: first principal component score. b Annotation categories of the identified metabolites according to KEGG pathway analysis. Metabolic pathway analysis of the differential metabolites in the treatments of LDH10 c and RW10 d compared with the CK. The abscissa coordinate represents the value of the metabolic pathway. The bubble size indicates the number of metabolites. The vertical coordinate and bubble color indicate the p-value of the enrichment analysis. The abbreviations used are the same as in Fig. 2